Understand how TypeScript infers literal types

It's really important to get a good mental model for things that the TypeScript compiler does. And, that's especially true for read-only properties. So up top here we've got this age variable. age here is inferred as a number.

export let age = 31

export const name = "Matt"

const tsPeople = ["Andarist", "Titian", "Devansh", "Anurag"]

So if I reassign age to another number, it's going to work because age is declared with a let and it's saying that age can change over time. Whereas, if I put age as a const, then I can't reassign to it.

So, age instead of just being inferred as a number, it's actually inferred as its literal type as 31 which is really interesting.

export const age = 31 

I can sort of force this on the let by saying age is 31 and then it gets inferred. And then, if I try to reassign to it, it's not going to let me because 31 is not assignable to type 32.

export let age: 31 = 31

// type 31 is not assignable to type 32
age = 32

The same is true for strings too so the constant name "Matt" is actually being inferred as "Matt", but it gets more complicated when you go to arrays and objects.

Even though I'm declaring the tsPeople array as a const, members of the array can be manipulated. So I can say this for instance:

const tsPeople = ["Andarist", "Titian", "Devansh", "Anurag"]

tsPeople[0] = "Eddy"

So here it's being declared as string inside the member, whereas if I say as const to tsPeople, I'm not going to be able to reassign to it, and this is now going to be declared as its literal so it's going to be inferred all the way down.

const tsPeople = ["Andarist", "Titian", "Devansh", "Anurag"] as const

// Cannot assign to '0' because it is a read-only property
tsPeople[0] = "Eddy"

The same is true for objects too. I can say as const and now everything is inferred all the way down.

const moreTsPeople = {
  Andarist: "Andarist",
  Titian: "Titian",
  Devansh: "Devansh",
  Anurag: "Anurag",
} as const

This is really critical if you want like type checking or you want inference based on the members of the array that you're passing in, or the values of the objects that you're passing in.

Getting this mental model solid is going to help you in a ton of different places.